Game: an activity, structured with a set of rules, which actively engages the player or players in attempting to achieve an end goal.
Gamification: the process of incorporating elements of gameplay in non-game situations.
Content Gamification: the application of game elements, game mechanics, and game thinking to alter content, making it more game-like.
Structural Gamification: the application of game elements to propel a learner through content with no alteration or changes to the content.